A closed sac on or under the vaginal lining that contains fluid or semisolid material.

Alternative Names

Inclusion cyst; Gartner's duct cyst

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Several types of vaginal cysts exist, and they can range in size from the size of a pea to that of an orange. Vaginal inclusion cysts are the most common type of cyst found in the vagina. They may form as a result of trauma sustained by the vaginal walls or after obstetric or gynecologic vaginal procedures, when the vaginal lining doesn't heal to normal smoothness. Gartner's duct cysts develop in the space occupied by the Gartner's duct, usually on the lateral walls of the vagina. This duct is active in the fetus but usually disappears after birth, and portions of the duct may collect fluid and present as a vaginal wall cyst later in life. Benign tumors of the vagina are uncommon and are usually cystic.

Signs and tests

Upon pelvic examination, a mass or bulge of the vaginal wall may be seen or felt by the examiner. A biopsy may be necessary to rule out vaginal cancer , especially if the mass appears to be solid. If the cyst is located under the bladder or urethra, x-ray tests may be required to make sure the cyst does not involve these organs.

Treatment

Routine examinations and observation of the cysts (for growth or other changes) may be the only treatment needed. Surgical excision may also be elected or possibly required if the cyst is causing symptoms.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome is generally good. Frequently cysts remain small and require no treatment. When surgery is indicated, the problem does not normally return.

Complications

There are usually no complications.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if a lump is felt inside the vagina or protruding from the vagina.

Prevention

Prevention of vaginal trauma is helpful.